Final keyword in java

Final keyword in java

It is used to make a variable as a constant, Restrict method overriding, Restrict inheritance. It is used at variable level, method level and class level. In java language final keyword can be used in following way.

• Final at variable level
• Final at method level
• Final at class level

Final at variable level

Final keyword is used to make a variable as a constant. This is similar to const in other language. A variable declared with the final keyword cannot be modified by the program after initialization. This is useful to universal constants, such as "PI".

Final Keyword in java Example

public class Circle
{
public  static final double PI=3.14159;

public static void main(String[] args) 
{
System.out.println(PI);
}
}

Final at method level

It makes a method final, meaning that sub classes can not override this method. The compiler checks and gives an error if you try to override the method.

When we want to restrict overriding, then make a method as a final.

Example

public class A
{
public void fun1()
{
.......
}
public final void fun2()
{
.......
}

}
class B extends A
{
public void fun1()
{
.......
}
public void fun2()
{
 // it gives an error because we can not override final method
}
}

Example of final keyword at method level

Example

class Employee
{
final void disp()
{
System.out.println("Hello Good Morning");  
}
}
class Developer extends Employee
{
void disp()
{
System.out.println("How are you ?");  
}
}
class FinalDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Developer obj=new Developer();
obj.disp();
}  
} 

Output

It gives an error

Final at class level

It makes a class final, meaning that the class can not be inheriting by other classes. When we want to restrict inheritance then make class as a final.

Example

public final class A
{
......
......
}
public class B extends  A
{
// it gives an error, because we can not inherit final class
}

Example of final keyword at class level

Example

final class Employee
{
int salary=10000;
}
class Developer extends Employee
{
void show()
{
System.out.println("Hello Good Morning");  
}
}
class FinalDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Developer obj=new Developer();
Developer obj=new Developer();
obj.show();
}  
} 

Output

Output:
It gives an error

HCL (IN F2F THEY ASKED QUESTIONS ONLY FROM MY PROJECT & SOME PROJECT RELATED SCENARIOS)

1.Tell me about your self.
2.tell me about your project.
3.what will be your approach if you have to automate signup for 100 profile.
4.Tell me about your framework.
5.what are the integrations availabel in your project.

6.can i searchh any product by product id.
7.If you have qc then why you are using ALM
8.defect life cycle
9.Modules of ur previous project
10.diff between / and //
11.how to handle alert pop up
12.diff b/w assert and verify
13.what are the challanges you have faced in your project.
14.if i click on any product then it will redirect to a new page that display the product image and its attribute how you will verify that not based on your header on your page based on attributes
15.diff flavor of selenium & diff in them
16.have you automate for diff diff browser
17.is there any diff in coding if you are writing code for diff browsers
18.tell me about locators

19.why we are using x path

Captcha using Selenium Webdriver Automating(Breaking)

Automating(Breaking) captcha using Selenium Webdriver

Usually most of the companies either use their own captchas or one of the third party captchas

(Google, jQuery plugins) in the user registration page of their sites .So these pages can't be
 automated fully.

Infact Captcha itself is implemented to prevent automation. As per official captcha site

A CAPTCHA is a program that  protects  websites against bots  by generating and grading tests that humans can pass but 
current computer programs cannot.

Captchas are not brakeable but there are some third party captchas that can be breakable and one of
the example for it is "jQuery Real Person" captcha . Here is the documentation  :)

Here is the sample code to brake the "jQuery Real Person" Captcha using Selenium WebDriver.

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class captchaAutomtion { 
 
 WebDriver driver;
 
 @BeforeTest
 public void start(){
  driver = new FirefoxDriver();
 }
 
 @Test
 public void Test(){ 
  //Loading jQuery Real Person Captcha demonstration page
  driver.get("http://keith-wood.name/realPerson.html");
  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
  //Setting the captcha values
  js.executeScript("document.getElementsByName('defaultRealHash')[0]

.setAttribute('value', '-897204064')");
  driver.findElement(By.name("defaultReal")).sendKeys("QNXCUL");
  //Submit the form
  driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='default']/form/p[2]/input")).

   .submit(); 
 }

}